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Can phase change materials be used in photovoltaic (PV) modules for thermal regulation?

In recent years, the utilization of phase change materials (PCMs) in photovoltaic (PV) module for thermal regulation has attracted wide attention in this field, as the hybrid PV-PCM technology can not only achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency but also make it possible to extract thermal energy stored in PCMs for cascade utilization.

How efficient are PV modules compared to small-scale laboratory cells?

Actually, compared with small-scale laboratory cells, the efficiency of commercial module is inevitably lower , around 18% for monocrystalline silicon modules in the market. Furthermore, these efficiency results are mostly tested under standard test conditions (STC), while in practice PV modules never operate under that.

What is hybrid photovoltaic thermal (pv/T) collector?

The hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collectors have dual-energy applicability, thus having attracted much attention in last four decades . With the development of the PV-PCM technology, it is promising to combine them for better performance.

Can rugged solar panels be used in off-grid areas?

Armageddon has worked with the US Air Force and the University of Dayton Research Institute (Dayton, OH, US) on a pilot project to show the value of rugged solar panels for military operations in off-grid areas. More than 50 of its version 2.0 composite panels were constructed for that project.

Can PCM absorb heat from PV panel?

To guarantee PCMs can absorb heat from PV panel, the melting temperature should be lower than the PV temperature. Considering in winter days PV temperature is relatively lower, the Tm2 should be smaller than the average PV temperature in sunny winter days from sunrise to sunset.